Italian State Railways (FS) is pushing the boundaries of ERTMS to raise line speeds on its high-speed network, increase capacity in the major cities, improve interoperability for freight, reduce the cost of running rural lines to save them from closure, and make better use of the data produced by ERTMS. As Fabio Senesi, head of control and command systems and telecommunications with Italian Rail Network, explains to David Briginshaw, in many cases this means developing solutions ahead of anyone else.